书名:入门级文章(全英文)
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语言学入门级文章(全英文)
The History of Linguistics
by Frederick J. Newmeyer of the University of Washington
Historical Linguistics
The modern field of linguistics dates from the beginning of the 19th century. While ancient India and Greece had a remarkable grammatical tradition, throughout most of history linguistics had been the province of philosophy, rhetoric, and literary analysis to try to figure out how human language works. But in 1786, an amazing discovery was made: There are regular sound correspondences among many of the languages spoken in Europe, India, and Persia. For example, the English 'f' sound often corresponds to a 'p' sound in, among others, Latin and Sanskrit, an important ancient language of India:
ENGLISH LATIN SANSKRIT
father pater pitar
full plenus purnas
for per pari
Scholars realized that these correspondences--found in thousands of words-- could not be due to chance or to mutual influence. The only reliable conclusion was that these languages are related to one another because they come from a common ancestor.